Category: Technology Engineering

Introduction: Amazon Bedrock is AWS’s fully managed service for building generative AI applications with foundation models. Launched at AWS re:Invent 2023, Bedrock provides a unified API to access models from Anthropic, Meta, Mistral, Cohere, and Amazon’s own Titan family. What sets Bedrock apart is its deep integration with the AWS ecosystem, including built-in RAG with… Continue reading

Introduction: Processing thousands of LLM requests efficiently requires batch processing strategies that maximize throughput while respecting rate limits and managing costs. Individual API calls are inefficient for bulk operations—batch processing enables parallel execution, request queuing, and optimized resource utilization. This guide covers practical batch processing patterns: async concurrent execution, request queuing with backpressure, rate-limited batch… Continue reading

Introduction: LLMs have no inherent memory—each API call is stateless. The model doesn’t remember your previous conversation, your user’s preferences, or the context you established five messages ago. Memory is something you build on top. This guide covers implementing different memory strategies for LLM applications: buffer memory for recent context, summary memory for long conversations,… Continue reading

Introduction: Production LLM applications require comprehensive logging and tracing to debug issues, monitor performance, and understand user interactions. Unlike traditional applications, LLM systems have unique logging needs: capturing prompts and responses, tracking token usage, measuring latency across chains, and correlating requests through multi-step workflows. This guide covers practical logging patterns: structured request/response logging, distributed tracing… Continue reading

Introduction: Production LLM applications need guardrails to ensure safe, appropriate outputs. Without proper safeguards, models can generate harmful content, leak sensitive information, or produce responses that violate business policies. Guardrails provide defense-in-depth: input validation catches problematic requests before they reach the model, output filtering ensures responses meet safety standards, and content moderation prevents harmful generations.… Continue reading

Introduction: Vector search is the foundation of modern RAG systems, but naive implementations often deliver poor results. Optimizing vector search requires understanding embedding models, index types, query strategies, and reranking techniques. The difference between a basic similarity search and a well-tuned retrieval pipeline can be dramatic—both in relevance and latency. This guide covers practical vector… Continue reading

Introduction: Complex LLM applications rarely consist of a single prompt—they chain multiple steps together, each building on the previous output. Chain composition enables sophisticated workflows: retrieval-augmented generation, multi-step reasoning, iterative refinement, and conditional branching. Understanding how to compose chains effectively is essential for building production LLM systems. This guide covers practical chain patterns: sequential chains,… Continue reading

Introduction: LLM API calls are inherently I/O-bound—waiting for network responses dominates execution time. Async programming transforms this bottleneck into an opportunity for massive parallelism. Instead of waiting sequentially for each response, async patterns enable concurrent execution of hundreds of requests while efficiently managing resources. This guide covers practical async patterns for LLM applications: concurrent request… Continue reading