Designing Enterprise VPC Networks on Google Cloud: From Zero Trust to Global Scale

Enterprise VPC design on Google Cloud requires balancing security, performance, and operational simplicity. This comprehensive guide covers Zero Trust architecture, global network design, VPC Service Controls, and hybrid connectivity patterns that meet the demands of modern enterprise workloads. Zero Trust Network Architecture Zero Trust assumes no implicit trust—every access request must be authenticated and authorized […]

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Structured Output Generation: Reliable JSON from Language Models

Introduction: LLMs generate text, but applications need structured data—JSON objects, database records, API payloads. Getting reliable structured output from language models requires more than asking nicely in the prompt. This guide covers practical techniques for structured generation: defining schemas with Pydantic or JSON Schema, using constrained decoding to guarantee valid output, implementing retry logic with […]

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Hybrid Search Implementation: Combining Vector and Keyword Retrieval

Introduction: Hybrid search combines the best of both worlds: the semantic understanding of vector search with the precision of keyword matching. Pure vector search excels at finding conceptually similar content but can miss exact matches; pure keyword search finds exact terms but misses semantic relationships. Hybrid search fuses these approaches, using vector similarity for semantic […]

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GPT-4 Turbo and the OpenAI Assistants API: Building Production Conversational AI Systems

Introduction: OpenAI’s DevDay 2023 marked a pivotal moment in AI development with the announcement of GPT-4 Turbo and the Assistants API. These releases fundamentally changed how developers build AI-powered applications, offering 128K context windows, native JSON mode, improved function calling, and persistent conversation threads. After integrating these capabilities into production systems, I’ve found that the […]

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